Free Essays on Fats Wallers

Ain’t Misbehavin’ Nobody to converse with; without anyone else; nobody to stroll with, In any case, I'm upbeat on the rack. Ain't making trouble I'm sparing my adoration for you. I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with being a tease It's simply you that I'm considering. Ain't making trouble I'm sparing my adoration for you. Like Jack Horner in the corner-don't go no place What do I give it a second thought? Your kisses merit sitting tight for, trust me. I don't remain out late, couldn't care less to go I'm home around eight. Just me and my radio. Ain't making trouble, I'm sparing my affection for you. This is a first individual storyteller and can take care of business or lady singing the melody since it is basically discussing not â€Å"misbehavin’† on their better half. The storyteller is talking intensely about missing their better half; considering them, composing a letter or conversing with their cherished one straightforwardly. The speaker is tragic and is trusting that their cherished one will return. The speaker needs the object of their adoration to realize that they will remain dependable and that there is no compelling reason to stress over them going despite their good faith with another person. The speaker makes reference to Jack Horner and I have no clue about who that man is so this melody must be composed a quite a while back. The last line additionally makes a reference to a radio, which implies this melody was certainly composed before TV in light of the fact that the reference would have been TV rather than radio. The verses allude to a potential episode or occurrences of unfaithfulness in light of the fact that the speaker would not be singing this tragic tune about being dedicated if there was not an episode. The speaker is likewise attempting to persuade their cherished on that they are their unrivaled love and despite the fact that there has been â€Å"flirting† there won't be any longer. â€Å"I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with being a tease. It's simply you that I'm thinking of.† Whether or not their adored one will trust them is another tune, however it seems like t... Free Essays on Fats Waller's Free Essays on Fats Waller's Ain’t Misbehavin’ Nobody to converse with; without anyone else; nobody to stroll with, Be that as it may, I'm cheerful on the rack. Ain't acting mischievously I'm sparing my adoration for you. I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with being a tease It's simply you that I'm considering. Ain't acting mischievously I'm sparing my adoration for you. Like Jack Horner in the corner-don't go no place What do I give it a second thought? Your kisses merit hanging tight for, trust me. I don't remain out late, couldn't care less to go I'm home around eight. Just me and my radio. Ain't acting mischievously, I'm sparing my adoration for you. This is a first individual storyteller and can take care of business or lady singing the melody since it is essentially discussing not â€Å"misbehavin’† on their life partner. The storyteller is talking earnestly about missing their loved one; pondering them, composing a letter or conversing with their cherished one straightforwardly. The speaker is dismal and is trusting that their adored one will return. The speaker needs the object of their affection to realize that they will remain dependable and that there is no compelling reason to stress over them going despite their good faith with another person. The speaker makes reference to Jack Horner and I have no clue about who that man is so this melody must be composed a quite a while back. The last line likewise makes a reference to a radio, which implies this tune was certainly composed before TV on the grounds that the reference would have been TV rather than radio. The verses indicate a potential occurrence or episodes of unfaithfulness in light of the fact that the speaker would not be singing this dismal tune about being dedicated if there was not an episode. The speaker is additionally attempting to persuade their adored on that they are their unrivaled love and despite the fact that there has been â€Å"flirting† there won't be any longer. â€Å"I know for certain the one I love. I'm through with being a tease. It's simply you that I'm thinking of.† Whether or not their cherished one will trust them is another melody, however it seems like t...

Italian Diminutives - Alterati Diminutivi

Italian Diminutives - Alterati Diminutivi In Italian, diminutives (alterati diminutivi) are a classification of modified words (alterati) in which the importance of the base word is constricted or decreased in some sense. Models incorporate sassolino (a rock), spiaggetta (little sea shore), tastierina (keypad), and visitina (short visit). Framing Diminutives With Suffixes Diminutives can be framed with the postfixes: - ino: mammaâ ⠻â mamminamother, momâ ⠻â mommy minestraâ ⠻â minestrinasoupâ ⠻â broth pensieroâ ⠻â pensierinothought, worryâ ⠻â small blessing, somewhat present ragazzoâ ⠻â ragazzinoboyâ ⠻â young kid, young man, kid belloâ ⠻â bellinobeautifulâ ⠻â cute difficileâ ⠻â difficilinodifficult, complicatedâ ⠻â minor trouble The addition - ino has two variations with an infix (interfisso) (component embedded between the base and the postfix): - (i)cino and - olino. Here are a few models: bastoneâ ⠻â bastoncinowalking stick, stick, staff, rodâ ⠻â stick, twig, switch libroâ ⠻â libric(c)inobookâ ⠻â booklet sassoâ ⠻â sassolinorock, boulderâ ⠻â small stone, rock topoâ ⠻â topolinomouse, ratâ ⠻â baby mouse freddoâ ⠻â freddolinocoldâ ⠻â brisk magroâ ⠻â magrolinothin, lean, thin, spareâ ⠻â skinny In communicated in Italian there are additionally avverbi alterati: prestoâ ⠻â prestinosoon, early, quicklyâ ⠻â somewhat rapidly tantoâ ⠻â tantinoso much, veryâ ⠻â a considerable measure tardiâ ⠻â tardinolateâ ⠻â barely late The changing postfix - ino is most as often as possible utilized with addition mixes: casaâ ⠻â casettaâ ⠻â casettina, gonnaâ ⠻â gonellaâ ⠻â gonnellina. - etto: bacioâ ⠻â bacettokissâ ⠻â little kiss, peck cameraâ ⠻â camerettabedroomâ ⠻â small room casaâ ⠻â casettahouseâ ⠻â cottage, little house lupoâ ⠻â lupettowolfâ ⠻â wolf whelp, fledgling scout bassoâ ⠻â bassettoshortâ ⠻â shrimp, small fry piccoloâ ⠻â piccolettosmallâ ⠻â shorty A mix of postfixes is normal: scarpaâ ⠻â scarpettaâ ⠻â scarpettinao, seccoâ ⠻â secchettoâ ⠻â secchettino. - ello: alberoâ ⠻â alberellotreeâ ⠻â sapling asinoâ ⠻â asinellodonkeyâ ⠻â little or youthful jackass paeseâ ⠻â paesellovillageâ ⠻â hamlet rondineâ ⠻â rondinellaswallowâ ⠻â baby swallow cattivoâ ⠻â cattivellobad, wickedâ ⠻â mischievous, shrewd poveroâ ⠻â poverellopoorâ ⠻â poor individual This addition has variations with the interfixes - (i)cello and - erello: campoâ ⠻â campicellofieldâ ⠻â small field informazioneâ ⠻â informazionecellainformationâ ⠻â small snippet of data fattoâ ⠻â fatterellofact, occasion, occurrenceâ ⠻â minor matter, account fuocoâ ⠻â f(u)ocherellofireâ ⠻â small fire Regularly there is a mix of postfixes: storiaâ ⠻â storiellaâ ⠻â storiellina, bucoâ ⠻â bucherelloâ ⠻â bucherellino. - uccio (has an insulting implication or, all the more normally, is a pet name): avvocatoâ ⠻â avvocatucciolawyerâ ⠻â shyster casaâ ⠻â casucciahouseâ ⠻â small comfortable house cavalloâ ⠻â cavallucciohorseâ ⠻â small horse, seahorse caldoâ ⠻â calduccioheatâ ⠻â warmth freddoâ ⠻â fredducciocoldâ ⠻â coldness, coolness A variation of - uccio is - uzzo: pietraâ ⠻â pietruzza. - icci(u)lo: astaâ ⠻â asticci(u)olapole (for vaulting), bar, lanceâ ⠻â small bar; the pole of a bolt or a pen festaâ ⠻â festicciolafeast, occasion, vacationâ ⠻â small party portoâ ⠻â porticcioloharborâ ⠻â small harbor Now and then likewise has a disparaging sense: donnaâ ⠻â donnicci(u)ola. - ucolo (has a derisive implication): donnaâ ⠻â donnucolawomanâ ⠻â silly lady maestroâ ⠻â maestrucoloteacherâ ⠻â ignorant, uncouth instructor poetaâ ⠻â poetucolopoetaâ ⠻â scribbler, rhymster - (u)olo: faccendaâ ⠻â faccenduolamatter, business, affairâ ⠻â small task montagnaâ ⠻â montagn(u)olamountainâ ⠻â mound poesiaâ ⠻â poesiolapoetryâ ⠻â limerick, a little sonnet Note additionally the alterazione with - olo, which happens for the most part in mix with another postfix: nomeâ ⠻â nomignolonameâ ⠻â nickname viaâ ⠻â viottolostreetâ ⠻â lane medicoâ ⠻â mediconzolo (pejorative connotation)doctorâ ⠻â quack For the addition - iciattolo see underneath. - otto: contadinoâ ⠻â contadinottofarmer, peasantâ ⠻â poorly taught comrade pienoâ ⠻â pienottofull, stuffed, overflowing withâ ⠻â pot-bellied giovaneâ ⠻â giovanottoyoungsterâ ⠻â young man, single guy ragazzoâ ⠻â ragazzottoboyâ ⠻â sturdy kid bassoâ ⠻â bassottolow, shortâ ⠻â squat Can indicate a youthful creature: aquilaâ ⠻â aquilottoeagleâ ⠻â eaglet lepreâ ⠻â leprottohareâ ⠻â baby rabbit passeroâ ⠻â passerottosparrowâ ⠻â young sparrow - acchiotto (can be a minor or affectionate nickname): lupoâ ⠻â lupacchiottowolfâ ⠻â wolf offspring orsoâ ⠻â orsacchiottobearâ ⠻â bear offspring, teddy bear volpeâ ⠻â volpacchiottofoxâ ⠻â fox offspring, wily individual furboâ ⠻â furbacchiottosly, crafty, keen, canny, cleverâ ⠻â cunning individual (wily old fox) - iciattolo (can be a minor or affectionate nickname): febbreâ ⠻â febbriciattolafeverâ ⠻â slight fever fiumeâ ⠻â fiumiciattoloriverâ ⠻â stream libroâ ⠻â libriciattolobookâ ⠻â small book mostroâ ⠻â mostriciattolomonsterâ ⠻â little beast

Bai Tap Essay Example

Bai Tap Essay Educator Anu Vuorikoski Bus 173A Intermediate Financial Management Chapter 8: scaled down case a. For what reason are proportions valuable? What are the five significant classes of proportions? Proportions are valuable to assess a firm’s budget reports and one can likewise contrast their exhibition and different firms, or the business normal. The five significant classifications for proportions are: I. Liquidity Ratios: quantifies the liquidity of the firm’s current advantages for their present liabilities (or commitments to loan bosses). ii. Resource Management Ratios: quantifies how successfully the firm is taking care of and dealing with their benefits. ii. Obligation Management Ratios: measure their obligation financing, or money related influence; what amount is the firm relied upon obligation. iv. Benefit Ratios: these proportions exhibit the impacts of liquidity, resource the executives, and obligation consolidated together on working outcomes. v. Market Value Ra tios: these are proportions that help directors realize what speculators think about the company’s past execution and future possibilities. b. Compute the 2007 present and speedy proportions dependent on the anticipated accounting report and pay proclamation information. What would you be able to state about the company’s liquidity position in 2005, 2006, and as anticipated for 2007? We frequently consider proportions being valuable (1) to supervisors to help maintain the business, (2) to investors for credit investigation, and (3) to investors for stock valuation. Would these various sorts of investigators have an equivalent enthusiasm for the liquidity proportions? Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities Current Ratio = $2,680,112/$1,039,800 Current Ratio = 2. multiple times Quick Asset Ratio = (Current Assets †Inventory)/Current Liabilities Quick Asset Ratio = ($2,680,112 $1,716,480)/$1,039,800 Quick Asset Ratio = 0. multiple times The firm is has improved their in lessening their present liabilities and expanding their present resource; in any case, they are still underneath modern avg. | |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |Current Ratio |2. 3x |1. 5x |2. 58x |2. 7x | |Quick Acid Ratio |0. 8x |0. 5x |0. 93x |1. 0x | Table 1 †from minicase (pg 281) Not all sort of expert would have an equivalent enthusiasm for the liquidity proportions. For example, banks may be intrigued more than directors. In the event that they will loan the firm a few assets, they need to be certain they can be recuperated their capital quick incase the organizations fails. c. Ascertain the 2007 stock turnover, days deals exceptional (DSO), fixed resources turnover, and all out resources turnover. How does Computron’s usage of benefits stack facing that of different firms in its industry? Stock Turnover = Sales/Inventory Turnover = $7,035,600/$1,716,480 Inventory Turnover = 4. multiple times Industry turn over is 6. multiple times while the organizations stock turnover is 4. 10. We will compose a custom paper test on Bai Tap explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Bai Tap explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Bai Tap explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The firm’s stock is being put away longer than the business normal; consequently it is occupying room, which is costing them cash. They have to improve their stock administration framework. Days Sales Outstanding = Receivables/(Annual Sales/365) Days Sales Outstanding = $878,000/($7,035,600/365) Days Sales Outstanding = 45. 55 Industry DSO is 32 days while the firm’s DSO is 45. 55 days to gather cash from deals (or gather cash from their records receivable). On the off chance that they have a 30 days term, they are not doing to a great job and should change or authorize new arrangements. Fixed Assets Turnover = Sales/Fixed Assets Fixed Assets Turnover = $7,035,600/$836,840 Fixed Assets Turnover = 8. multiple times The business fixed resource turnover is multiple times while the firm’s is relied upon to be a smidgen more than 8. 41. Which means, they are being more productive than the business normal in utilizing their advantages for create deals. All out Assets Turnover = Sales/Total Assets Turnover Total Assets Turnover = $7,035,600/$3,516,952 Total Assets Turnover = 2. multiple times The business all out resource turnover is 2. multiple times while the firm’s is required to be a 2. multiple times. The firm is underneath the business normal due the expansion in inventories and records receivables. d. Compute the 2007 obligation, times-premium earned, and EBITDA inclusion proportions. How does Computron contrast with the business with deference with budgetary influence? What would you be able to close from these proportions? Obligation Ratio = all out liabilities/all out resources Debt Ratio = $ 1,539,800/$3,516,952 Debt Ratio = 0. 44 = 44% The business normal is half, which implies loan bosses have provided (half) of their financing. The firm’s obligation proportion is lower than the business normal, 44%, which is a decent sign. They should attempt to limit it more or not let it increment. Times-Interest-Earned (TIE) = EBIT/Interest Charges TIE = $502,640/$80,000 TIE = 6. multiple times The business and the firm’s TIE are nearly the equivalent (firm’s is 6. 28 and the business normal is 6. 2). They are both covering interest charges on their obligation in a similar time span. EBITDA Coverage proportion = (EBIT + Depr. + Amort. + Lease installments)/(Interest + Lease installments) EBITDA Coverage Ratio = ($502,640 + $120,000)/($80,000 + $40,000+0) EBITDA Coverage Ratio = 5. multiple times e. Compute the 2007 net revenue, essential acquiring power (BEP), return on resources (ROA), and profit for value (ROE). What would you be able to state about these proportions? Net revenue = Net Income/Sales PM = $253,548/$7,035,600 PM = 3. 6% | |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |Profit Margin |2. 6% |-1. 6% |3. 6% |3. 6% | Table 2 †from minicase (pg 281) The firm did frightful in 2006, yet it’s now meeting the mechanical normal. Fundamental Earning Power = EBIT/Total Assets BEP = $502,640/$3,516,952 BEP = 0. 142 = 14% | |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |Basic Earning Power |14. 2% |0. 6% |14% |17. 8% | Table 3 †from minicase (pg 281) Basic Earning Power dispenses with the impact of expenses and money related influence. The anticipated is underneath normal contrasted with the modern normal. Profit for Total Assets = ROA = Net Income/Total Assets ROA = $253,548/$3,516,952 ROA = 7. 2% ROA is brought down by debtinterest cost brings down overall gain, which likewise brings down ROA. |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |ROA |6. 0% |-3. 3% |7. 2% |9% | Table 4 †from minicase (pg 281) Return on Common Equity = ROE = Net Income/Common Equity ROE = $253,548/$1,977,152 ROE = 12. 8% The utilization of obligation brings down value, and if value is brought down more than total compensation, ROE would increment. | |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |ROE |13. 3% |-17. 1% |12. % |17. 9% | Table 5 †from minicase (pg 281) f. Compute the 2007 value/income proportion, value /income proportion, and market/book proportion. Do these proportions show that speculators are relied upon to have a high or low assessment of the organization? Value/Earning Ratio = Price per share/Earning per Share Earnings per Share = Income/Number of exceptional offers P/E proportion = $12. 17/($253,548/$250,000) P/E proportion = 11. 99x = 12x | |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |P/E proportion |9. x |-6. 3x |12x |16. 2x | Table 6 †from minicase (pg 281) Price/Cash Flow Ratio = Price per Share/Cash Flow per Share Cash Flow per Share = (Net Income + Depr. )/Shares Outstanding Price/Cash Flow Ratio = $12. 17/(($253,548+$120,000)/250,000) Price/Cash Flow Ratio = $12. 17/(($373,548)/250,000) Price/Cash Flow Ratio = $12. 17/$1. 494192 Price/Cash Flow Ratio = 8. 15x | |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |Price/Cash Flow Ratio |8. x |27. 5x |8. 15x |7. 6x | Table 7 †from minicase (pg 281) Market/Book Ratio first Book Value per Share = Common Equity/Shares Outstanding Book Value per Share = $1,977,152/250,000 Book Value for every Share = $7. 91 second Market/Book proportion = Market Price per Share/Book Value per Share M/B proportion = $12. 17/$7. 91 M/B proportion = 1. 54 x | |2005 |2006 |2007E |Industrial Avg. | |Market/Book proportion |1. 3x |1. 1x |1. 54x |2. x | Table 8 †from minicase (pg 281) The cost procuring proportion is still beneath modern normal. The firm is viewed as more dangero us. Notwithstanding, financial specialists are happy to pay a more for the assessed multi year than they accomplished for the time of 2006. They do anticipate both income and procuring to develop. g. Play out a typical size examination and percent change investigation. What do these investigations educate you regarding Computron? Basic Size investigation for Income Statement (86. 7) than industry (84. 5), however higher different costs. Result is that net, net the organization has comparative EBIT % (7. 1) as industry. To build EBIT and primary concern to make investor riches (by expanding NOPAT), organization needs to reduce expenses or develop costs more slow than deals [pic] Common Size investigation for Balance Sheet The firm has higher extent of stock and current resources than Industry. The firm presently has more value than the business normal. The firm has more momentary obligation than industry, however less long haul obligation than industry. [pic] Common Size investigation for Balance Sheet (cont. ) [pic] Percent Change Analysis for Income Statement Sales became 105% from 2004, and Net Income became 188% from 2004. pic] h. Utilize the all-inclusive Du Pont condition to give a rundown and review of Computron’s money related condition as anticipated for 2007. What are the firm’s qualities and shortcomings? Expanded Du Pont Equation = ROE = (Net Income/Sales) x (Sales/Total Assets) x (Total Assets/Common Equity) = ($253,548/$7,035,600) x ($7,035,600/$3,516,952) x ($3,516,952/$ 1,977,152) = 0. 036038 x 2. 000482 x 1. 778797 = 0. 128239 OR = Net Income/Comment Equity = 0. 128239 I. What are some potential issues and constraints of budgetary proportion examinations? Normal execution isn't the best position a firm woul

Culture and Hipster Central Dogma Essay Example for Free

Culture and Hipster Central Dogma Essay Fashionable person is a subculture of youthful (15 25), urban white collar class grown-ups and more established adolescents that showed up in the 1990s.The subculture is related with non-standard way of life. They esteem free reasoning, dynamic governmental issues, imagination, knowledge and non-standard design reasonableness. The majority of them can be discovered living in the large urban areas like New York, Chicago, and San Francisco. Additionally hipsterism is regularly interwoven with unmistakable style sensibilities .Hipsters dismiss the socially oblivious mentalities of standard shoppers, and are frequently be seen wearing vintage, tight pants, old-school tennis shoes, and frequently thick rimmed glasses. People fashionable people have comparative hermaphroditic haircuts that incorporate blends of filthy shag trims and unbalanced side-cleared blasts. Such styles are crafted by inventive beauticians at urban salons, and are generally not standard. Regardless of the misguided judgment made ​​on the outer picture, trendy people will in general be knowledgeable in sciences, which require certain imaginative explanatory reasoning capacities. This prompts the way that they end up in imaginative works, for example, music, craftsmanship, and style ventures. It is a fantasy that most fashionable people are jobless and live off of their folks trust reserves. Trendy people avoid standard, It is a piece of the fashionable person focal authoritative opinion not to be affected by standard promoting and media. This is watches out for just advance ethnocentric goals of excellence, the ideas of bisexuality and woman's rights have impacted fashionable person culture, where trendy person men are regularly as slim as the ladies they date. Ladies see the strong, athletic and other male standards as images of their persecution, sexism, and sexism. In like manner, socially lifeless sorority-type young ladies with counterfeit light hair, excessively tanned skin, and Britney Spears tube-tops are not seen as appealing by refined fashionable person guys who rather consider them to be images of female instability, low confidence, and absence of social knowledge and autonomous reasoning. In like manner, young ladies with counterfeit fair hair and excessively tanned skin are not seen as appealing by refined fashionable person guys who rather consider them to be images of female instability, low confidence, and absence of social knowledge and autonomous reasoning. There are numerous interracial couples in fashionable person subculture since they are racially liberal. In spite of the fact that fashionable people are traditionalists inside their own subculture, in contrast with the a lot bigger standard mass they are pioneers most recent social patterns and beliefs. For instance numerous groups have gotten fruitful and known to standard crowds simply because trendy people initially found and tuned in to them as early-adopters of new culture. When certain ideas of style and music have arrived at standard crowds, trendy people proceed onward to something better than ever. When something from style and music have arrived at standard crowds, fashionable people proceed onward to something new. On account of the ascent of different online photograph blog and long range informal communication destinations, experiences into urban fashionable person culture is contacting shielded rural crowds at an exponential rate. Social standards have been deconstructed by trendy person culture all in all.

Ivy League Companies

Ivy League Companies March 10, 2013 Weve decided to make this week a week in which we focus on successful Ivy League companies. Ivy League companies, as defined for the purpose of this post, are startups founded by Ivy League graduates. A Princeton University professor of politics and international affairs, Anne-Marie Slaughter, once asserted that the innovators and entrepreneurs who will shape the future of the United States arent in her Ivy League classroom. We strongly beg to differ and have made a point over the last couple of years on our blog to highlight these very innovators from the Ivy League who defy her erroneous assertion. Her assertion was based on anecdotal evidence so we take great pleasure in countering her point with anecdotal evidence of our own. Even big-time startup founders like Quantified Impressions Noah Zandan can sport cool shades. Noah Zandan, a 2005 graduate of Dartmouth College and a Northwestern MBA, is an excellent counterpoint to Professor Slaughters claim. Zandan founded Quantified Impressions, an Austin, Texas-based startup that helps people become world-class communicators through the power of analytics. Through their pioneering analytics and personalized performance feedback, companies hire Quantified Impressions to help make their employees more effective verbal and nonverbal communicators. As you probably know if youre a regular reader of our blog on college admissions, we are big fans of analyzing nonverbal behavior and weve given quite a few tips to students on how to improve their nonverbal communications in college interviews. So, needless to say, we think that Quantified Impressions is offering businesses quite a lot of value. Zandans company has been a staple in the press of late, garnering attention from ABC News, Yahoo Finance, and many other outlets on topics ranging from the nonverbal communication of Obama and Romney in the presidential debates to what your body is really saying in its nonverbal communications on your Valentines Day date. We offer our congratulations to Noah, a former Big Green swimmer and a close friend of the son of the Founder of Ivy Coach, on the success of his company. May his entrepreneurship be an example for all twenty-somethings looking to carve out their American success story.

Are U.s. Savings Bonds Still an Effective Way to Save for College

Back in the dark ages before smartphones, Netflix and Facebook, U.S. Savings Bonds were the vehicle of choice for many families saving for college. Why? Well, for starters they offer guaranteed interest if held to maturity. And thanks to the Education Savings Bond Program, Series EE and I bonds purchased after 1989 by someone age 24 or older may be redeemed tax-free when the proceeds are used to pay for higher education expenses. This includes contributions to Coverdell Education Savings Accounts and 529 plans. So whatï ¿ ½s changed? Many families and financial professionals are realizing that 529 college savings plans might have more to offer. In 2006, the coveted federal tax benefits of 529 plans became permanent and they have been growing in popularity ever since. Today, there are over 100 different plans available that offer a variety of investment options. In most cases, a 529 plan is the best choice for college savings, but do U.S. Savings Bonds ever still make sense? Here are some things to consider: Your household income The tax exclusion on Series EE and I savings bonds is phased out for individuals with a modified adjusted income (MAGI) between $76,000 and $91,000 ($113,950 and $143,950 for married couples filing jointly). That means if your MAGI is higher than $76,000 you will have to pay taxes on part of the interest earned, and if you make more than $91,000 you wonï ¿ ½t qualify for any tax break. 529 plans, on the other hand, offer tax-free earnings growth and tax-free withdrawals for families of all income levels who use the funds to pay for college. Some states also offer additional tax benefits for residents. Find out more about 529 plans in your state Maturity dates Have you been holding on to savings bonds for as long as you can remember? Series EE savings bonds generally stop paying interest after 30 years. That means if your bond was purchased before 1985 thereï ¿ ½s really no additional benefit to keeping it. But most parents saving for college today wouldnï ¿ ½t have a bond that old ï ¿ ½ so what should they do? Well, that all depends on the bondï ¿ ½s interest rate. Interest rates The amount of interest your bonds earn depends on when they were purchased. Families who purchased savings bonds issued between May 2006 and November 2006 are enjoying a 3.7 percent guaranteed interest rate. However, rates have been much lower in recent years. Itï ¿ ½s a good idea to compare your bondï ¿ ½s interest rate with the potential return you would receive from a 529 plan. In todayï ¿ ½s low interest rate environment, the 529 plan return will likely come out ahead. Top performing 529 plans Financial aid To be eligible for the tax breaks on Series EE and I bonds, the proceeds must be spent on college related expenses for the bond owner, their spouse or their dependent. The bonds are considered an asset on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), but their value can have a very different affect on the studentï ¿ ½s eligibility for aid depending on the owner. If the parent owns the bond, it will be considered a parental asset when calculating the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) and can reduce the amount of aid you are eligible for by a maximum of 5.64 percent of itï ¿ ½s value. However, if the student owns the bond, its value will be assessed at 20 percent. That means if you have bonds in your childï ¿ ½s name worth $10,000, the amount of aid they are eligible for will be reduced by $2,000, but if the bond is in your name the maximum impact is only $564. Funds saved in a parent- or student-owned 529 plan, however, are always counted as parental assets on the FAFSA. If the student was at least 24 years old when the bond was purchased, you can redeem it tax-free and deposit the proceeds into a 529 plan to take advantage of the more favorable financial aid treatment. Savings bonds arenï ¿ ½t the only low-risk option When you save with a 529 plan, your money is invested into mutual funds or other similar investments. When you enroll in a plan, youï ¿ ½ll have to select your investment option based on your appetite for risk. Some plans offer low-risk FDIC-Insured options, where the investments are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S government up to certain limits in the event of a bank failure. If youï ¿ ½re thinking about moving your college savings from savings bonds to a 529 plan but are worried about the added risk, a plan that offers FDIC-insured options might be a good fit. 12 states offering FDIC-insured 529 plan options Back in the dark ages before smartphones, Netflix and Facebook, U.S. Savings Bonds were the vehicle of choice for many families saving for college. Why? Well, for starters they offer guaranteed interest if held to maturity. And thanks to the Education Savings Bond Program, Series EE and I bonds purchased after 1989 by someone age 24 or older may be redeemed tax-free when the proceeds are used to pay for higher education expenses. This includes contributions to Coverdell Education Savings Accounts and 529 plans. So whatï ¿ ½s changed? Many families and financial professionals are realizing that 529 college savings plans might have more to offer. In 2006, the coveted federal tax benefits of 529 plans became permanent and they have been growing in popularity ever since. Today, there are over 100 different plans available that offer a variety of investment options. In most cases, a 529 plan is the best choice for college savings, but do U.S. Savings Bonds ever still make sense? Here are some things to consider: Your household income The tax exclusion on Series EE and I savings bonds is phased out for individuals with a modified adjusted income (MAGI) between $76,000 and $91,000 ($113,950 and $143,950 for married couples filing jointly). That means if your MAGI is higher than $76,000 you will have to pay taxes on part of the interest earned, and if you make more than $91,000 you wonï ¿ ½t qualify for any tax break. 529 plans, on the other hand, offer tax-free earnings growth and tax-free withdrawals for families of all income levels who use the funds to pay for college. Some states also offer additional tax benefits for residents. Find out more about 529 plans in your state Maturity dates Have you been holding on to savings bonds for as long as you can remember? Series EE savings bonds generally stop paying interest after 30 years. That means if your bond was purchased before 1985 thereï ¿ ½s really no additional benefit to keeping it. But most parents saving for college today wouldnï ¿ ½t have a bond that old ï ¿ ½ so what should they do? Well, that all depends on the bondï ¿ ½s interest rate. Interest rates The amount of interest your bonds earn depends on when they were purchased. Families who purchased savings bonds issued between May 2006 and November 2006 are enjoying a 3.7 percent guaranteed interest rate. However, rates have been much lower in recent years. Itï ¿ ½s a good idea to compare your bondï ¿ ½s interest rate with the potential return you would receive from a 529 plan. In todayï ¿ ½s low interest rate environment, the 529 plan return will likely come out ahead. Top performing 529 plans Financial aid To be eligible for the tax breaks on Series EE and I bonds, the proceeds must be spent on college related expenses for the bond owner, their spouse or their dependent. The bonds are considered an asset on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), but their value can have a very different affect on the studentï ¿ ½s eligibility for aid depending on the owner. If the parent owns the bond, it will be considered a parental asset when calculating the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) and can reduce the amount of aid you are eligible for by a maximum of 5.64 percent of itï ¿ ½s value. However, if the student owns the bond, its value will be assessed at 20 percent. That means if you have bonds in your childï ¿ ½s name worth $10,000, the amount of aid they are eligible for will be reduced by $2,000, but if the bond is in your name the maximum impact is only $564. Funds saved in a parent- or student-owned 529 plan, however, are always counted as parental assets on the FAFSA. If the student was at least 24 years old when the bond was purchased, you can redeem it tax-free and deposit the proceeds into a 529 plan to take advantage of the more favorable financial aid treatment. Savings bonds arenï ¿ ½t the only low-risk option When you save with a 529 plan, your money is invested into mutual funds or other similar investments. When you enroll in a plan, youï ¿ ½ll have to select your investment option based on your appetite for risk. Some plans offer low-risk FDIC-Insured options, where the investments are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S government up to certain limits in the event of a bank failure. If youï ¿ ½re thinking about moving your college savings from savings bonds to a 529 plan but are worried about the added risk, a plan that offers FDIC-insured options might be a good fit. 12 states offering FDIC-insured 529 plan options

Sally Brampton s Life Fighting The Demons Of Depression...

â€Å"Killing oneself is, anyway, a misnomer. We don t kill ourselves. We are simply defeated by the long, hard struggle to stay alive. When somebody dies after a long illness, people are apt to say, with a note of approval, He fought so hard. And they are inclined to think, about a suicide, that no fight was involved, that somebody simply gave up. This is quite wrong.† When Sally Brampton quoted this she was going through a rough patch in her life fighting the demons of depression and alcoholism. Sometimes people will have ways to control those demons or even fight them, in regards to Sally a general understanding of her depression and alcoholism, along with the treatments that can be tried to help her out, and how you can perceive the illness when it doesn’t regard to yourself. Sally Brampton was a successful magazine editor and prize-winning journalist, In 1985 she launched Elle magazine in the UK, but all of that was just a cover up with a glamorous career. Nobody knew how awful things had gotten for her. Understanding depression varies from person to person. One person may understand it and know what’s going on, while another person will totally be lost and believe that you are making everything up. While reading the book one particular quote stuck out to me, it helped me understand depression more than I ever have (â€Å"Sometimes, says a fellow depressive, I wish I was in a full body cast, with every bone in my body broken. That s how I feel anyway. Then, maybe,

The Death Penalty And The Fourteenth Amendment - 1885 Words

The death penalty to many people could be considered unconstitutional under the eighth and the fourteenth amendment s. People fear nothing more than death itself because death is final. Execution dates being carried out promptly with assigned dates after a fair trial would discourage almost anyone from committing future crimes that are worthy of execution. We as a society are based on the need for retribution and vengance. Making a wrongdoer pay the price equivalent to the price the wrongdoer did. Sparsely carrying out executions prolongs the mental and emotional suffering of the victim s family and friends. It cost taxpayers millions of dollars per year, more than general population to house a death row inmates. Allowing death row inmates to sit on death row for 25 plus years is a lugsury most dont deserve. With less than 10% of all inmates being exonorated in the past 200 years of death penalties it is unclear why executions are not more readily carried out. â€Å"Currently, the total number of inmates that have been executed in the US is 1,434. While the total number of inmates currently on death row is 2,943, 55 of which are female inmates.† Our desire for retribution dates back as early as the 18th Century BC. We feel the need to see the wrongdoer have consequences for their actions. To be punished and feel the pain that their victim felt so they can also suffer. Some people love that idea that the person who commited a crime suffers by whatever means necessary. KnowingShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of the death penalty has been around since the 1700’s B.C. where it was first defined in the Code of Hammurabi (Historical Timeline). Since then, the death penalty has morphed and changed. In 1608 A.D., Captain George Kendall in the Jamestown colony of Virginia was hanged for treason (Historical Timeline). This became the first execution recorded in America (Historical Timeline). After this moment in history, people have debated the concept of the death and if it is truly constitutionalRead MoreThe Death Penalty : Is It Constitutional Or Moral? Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesT he Death Penalty: Is it Constitutional or Moral? The death penalty has long been the most prevalent and the most severe punishment in the world. Humanity has been using death as a sentence seen the time humans acquired the ability to slay each other. In many primitive societies, the act of killing a person as retribution for violating a crime was adopted by the governing powers of that those societies. Since the establishment of the Ancient Laws of China, one of the oldest continuously operatingRead MoreShould The Us Stop Using The Death Penalty?1599 Words   |  7 Pagesusing the death penalty? Capital punishment is a legal authorization to kill someone for a crime they have committed. The death penalty has been the highest form of criminal punishment in the American judicial system since the 13 colonies. It has taken the form of hanging, stoning, drowning, burning, beheading, gassing, electrocution, and injection. The taking of a man s life as penance for criminal behavior is wrong. The moral injustice of murder, the cruelty of execution, and the death of innocentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Punishment Of Execution Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty is the punishment of execution. Another term used is capital punishment, which is legally authorized killing of someone as a punishment of a capital crime. The race of executed prisoners and the current prisoners on death row has been inconsistent over the years since 1976 when the death penalty was reinstated in The United States of America (Facts, 2016). There are thirty-one states that allow capital punis hment and the other nineteen states do not allow it. Since 1976 there hasRead More Capital Punishment Essay - Death Penalty and the Clash of Moral Ideologies1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty and the Clash of Moral Ideologies      Ã‚     Capital punishment is a term which indicates muddled thinking. George Bernard Shaw  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The muddled thinking that Shaw speaks of is the thinking that perpetuates the controversy over capital punishment in the United States today.   The impractical concurrence of a theoretical, moral argument and definite, legal application has left all sides in this controversy dissatisfied with the ultimate handling of the issue.   There are legitimateRead MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment1004 Words   |  4 Pageswas sentenced to death by the appellate court after a one day trial. He made the argument that his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights were being violated. The case moved up to the Supreme Court of the United States. In the trial, Furman had four main arguments: most western nations had abolished capital punishment because it was an unsuccessful way to deter crime; juries only handed out about 100 death penalties each year, and only about 50 pri soners were sentenced to death so capital punishmentRead MoreRelationship Between The Federal Government And The States1137 Words   |  5 Pagesconstitutionality of the state. The US Supreme Court concluded that the U.S. Constitution protects a woman s decision to terminate her pregnancy. In this case they looked at how it Interprets the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Right of Privacy maintained by the Ninth Amendment. The Court ruled that a woman’s personal autonomy and reproductive rights extend to her decision to terminate her pregnancy. The Constitution proctects the right of people to make their own decsions without beingRead MoreConstitutionality of the Death Penalty1485 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst degree murder and was sentenced to death. Later court decisions decided that because he was a minor when he committed the murder he could not be justly put to death. In the case the final sentence was life in prison with no bail and no parole. (Bess ler, 12-16 ) The excerpt above is from the book Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committingRead MoreDebate on the Death Penalty in America1482 Words   |  6 Pagesdegree murder and he was sentenced to death. Later court decision concluded that because he was a minor when he committed the murder he could not be justly given the death penalty. The final sentence was life in prison with no bail and no parole. (Bessler, 12-16 ) The excerpt above is from the book, Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committingRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 Pagesconcluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to th e worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a government to execute a person who has committed a crime. People that agree with using the death penalty, will argue that

A Brief Note On Start A Successful Business - 1170 Words

Michelle Polanco Advanced CTE Studies 12/11/14 How to Start a Successful Business Have you ever thought about starting a business? Millions of Americans do. This is your guide on how to begin. Through the implementation of a business plan along with thorough market research, you will gain the sustainability needed to begin a business. These techniques have been tested by those in the business and are backed up by extensive research. This paper will not only help others on their journey to starting a business, but myself as well. I hope to one day open my own business. Depending on my career choice, I want to open my own medical practice or a family restaurant. Starting a Business for Dummies – Part 1 Sit down and take a look around. We are surrounded by hundreds of different businesses whether they’re locally owned or franchised all around the world. According to the United States Small Business Administration, approximately twenty-seven million small businesses operate successfully in the United States (PDF). A small business is usually defined as one not predominant in its area of operation. The SBA determines the size standards for different industries. More than 600,000 businesses are started each year in the United States and likely millions of others with the same aspirations (Starting a Business: The Idea Phase.). However, many lack the knowledge on the first steps to take. Some might even ask themselves if they have the traits to be successful. To answer thisShow MoreRelatedPromotional Activities Coordination Project : Sample Resume Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesPart B: Promotional activities coordination project Send an email all of the staff that will be involved in the project. 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The Conflict Within Baldwin And Orwell s Stranger ...

Baldwin and Orwell: The Conflict Within Throughout mankind there have been many conflicts. Conflicts that have taken place between cultures, as well as within cultures over many things. In most cases these conflicts and the resolutions that followed gave us a glimpse of our past and an idea of what is ahead. The one conflict that both James Baldwin talks about in â€Å"Stranger in the Village† and George Orwell writes about in â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is the racial conflict that lies within us. Both writers tell stories of race confliction within their own soul and within those around them. The difference in each story can be seen in how the writers view of race come from two different sides of the racial conflict. James Baldwin writes â€Å"From all available evidence no black man had ever set foot in this tiny Swiss village.† He also goes on to talk about how he was told that not too many people of his complexion had been seen in Switzerland. In comparison George Orwell wrote â€Å"I was hated by large numbers of people.† Orwell explains that as a European in Lower Burma the locals did not like him nor had they accepted that England had control over the town. In both stories the writers have inserted themselves into a culture where they are the minority. Each reacts by trying to fit in, while the conflict within and around them, makes them feel uncomfortable doing so. While Baldwin truly believes he is a minority and that this was simply history, Orwell’s conflict is much different,

Business Statistics Multivariate and Applications †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Business Statistics Multivariate and Applications. Answer: Introduction Many ways are there to judge the growth or de growth of the trading industries and many elements can be made responsible for this. However, two factors are there that affect the growth and de growth of trading industries; they are exports and imports. Exports refer to deliver the products to the buyers and imports refer to the process of receiving their products. Independence and profits of the country are represented with exports; imports represent the customer base of the country and encourage the development of new products. There are many reasons behind the increase in the surplus to 1.3 billion. As per the statistic of January, there was 3% fall in the export and 4% rise in the import. As a result of this, the average of Australian trade dropped to an monthly average of 2.1 billion (Sachs, 2012). It implies that the demand of several products of Australian trading market did not match the supply. Additionally, the domestic companies are not able to provide in-house alternatives of imported products. In this regard, one hidden aspect is the taxation from the revenues that is different for each products in the market. Gold, silver, coal and iron are the backbone of the Australian trading industry. In January, the major surprise was the de growth in the non-monetary gold by 39% (Warner, 2012). This is a major deciding component of the Australian market. The exports of coal and iron ore were also low. However, the impressive performance of the rural market good of the country has helped to balance the growth of the trading market. The losses in the coal and iron ore sector imply the bad performance of these particular business sectors as well lack of work force and adequate resources. All the broad categories of products were showing inflation in the process of imports. Surprisingly, the sector of consumer goods was among the highest percentage of growth and the growth rate was 7%. In the month of January, there was also growth in the sector of consumer goods of 3.2% and the overall growth was 13.6% (Newbold, Carlson Thorne, 2012). In this situation, intermediate goods were another bright area that showed a growth of 3.8%. The intermediate goods are used for various production purposes. This is the scenario of the trade market of Australia (Berenson et al., 2012). Importance of Commodities Investment The investment focus of the whole world is on banking and monetary sectors; but a significant level of investment depends on various small-scale businesses. Investment in commodities is the process of investing in production processes. With the help of close analysis, it can be observed that production process is the source of all revenues that ensures the investment fund of the banks. This aspect increases the investment profitability of the commodity sectors. The investment in the commodity market ensures the expansion of the commodity businesses and it is resulted in the generation of more profits and revenues (Sharma, 2012). Two optimistic possibilities can be seen when a country imports its basic consumer goods. First, the country can afford it; second, the demand of consumer goods is increasing. However, the basic consumer goods can be manufactured easily in the country. This process will increase the production ration of the country and will provide more employment opportunities in the country. It is needed to analyze the market trend in order to increase the production of the products. In order to make best use of the commodity market, it is important to increase the amount of investment in commodity market. In this regard, the inclusion of new commodity investment schemes will be the effective and appropriate step (Siegel, 2016). Conclusion According to the above analysis, there are many positive signs in the trading market of Australia. The increase and growth in the imports of the country clearly imply that the commodity market of Australia is ready for expansion. Many ways are there by which the commodity markets can contribute to the good cause of the country. However, the commodity investment market needs to ensure that they can attract the correct investors. When the question is about basic consumer goods, it is essential to conduct a detailed market analysis for different important categories and to establish these businesses in the country. References Berenson, M., Levine, D., Szabat, K. A., Krehbiel, T. C. (2012).Basic business statistics: Concepts and applications. Pearson higher education AU. Newbold, P., Carlson, W., Thorne, B. (2012).Statistics for business and economics. Pearson. Sachs, L. (2012).Applied statistics: a handbook of techniques. Springer Science Business Media. Sharma, J. K. (2012).Business statistics. Pearson Education India. Siegel, A. (2016).Practical business statistics. Academic Press. Warner, R. M. (2012).Applied statistics: from bivariate through multivariate techniques: from bivariate through multivariate techniques. Sage.

Ethics and Professional Practice for Buildings -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Professional Practice for Social Buildings. Answer: Introduction The procurement process has been a fundamental part of construction ever since human beings outsourced paid external assistance in building their homes and social buildings. These construction processes utilized a traditional client-contractor relationship that saw the risk of the entire project falling either solely on the contractor or solely on the client. They were simple as there was not much technical assistance required aside from the contractor and the labourers (Davis, 2008). The traditional procurement process had three main variations which included reimbursement contracts, lump sum contracts and measurement contracts. The reimbursement and measurement contracts are similar in that that an agreed price or term is usually stipulated before construction but the reimbursement measurement is where contractors are paid after the work is done unlike the lump sum contract where the work is paid for in advance. The measurement contracts on the other hand are where work is undefine d and can only be fully valued after it is done (Rowlinson and McDermott, 2005). These procurement methods are however prone to some disadvantages owing to the scale of work for which they were based on. They are impractical for large and complex design and construction works owing to the fact that the risk in all the cases is unbalanced falling either on the contractor or on the client. On the overall, they are also not conducive for projects that have time constraints as the whole traditional process involves a lot of stages that must all be bureaucratically handled before the actual construction work can kick off (Manley and Chen, 2015). For that reason, a few modern methods have come up balancing the overall risk involved in a project while maintaining a healthy relationship between both parties (New South Wales Government, 2005). These methods have also either combined or totally done away with some stages in the whole construction process in order to quicken the overall construction project and these are discussed below. Design Bid Build This is a method of procurement where the client hires a technical design team to handle all the preliminary designs of the structure being constructed. The design team is also tasked with the responsibility of preparing contract documents and overseeing a tendering process where a contractor is picked based on the reputation and bid price. This method of procurement usually puts the design team consisting of an architect, engineering team and quantity surveyors on the clients side where they coordinate the construction process by liaising with the contractor. They act as the clients representatives both technically on paper and on the site (Masterman, 2003). In this case, the design consultant is usually the only other contributor in terms of design and specification of the structure and this puts them in a position where they take over the contract documents as soon as preparation is done. There are rare cases of bidding for this position and in most cases, the client usually approaches a firm first which performs all those responsibilities for them. This means that, while a contractor is paid by the client, their supervision falls solely on the design consultants responsibilities (Masterman, 2003). In the hierarchy of the functional process, the client and design team could occupy the same level with the contractor below them or the client could be above the design consultant who would in turn be above the contractor. For the client, the main advantage of this method is that they are guaranteed of a reliable technical design. This is because the design consultant works with the client and their profit comes from both the client and contractor. This enables a reliable design process with utmost dedication from the consultant (Morledge, 2013). They can also get near accurate quotations limiting the variations expected and therefore unforeseen expenditures. It is however time consuming as all the processes of tendering have to take place before construction can take place. For the designer, the advantage is that they represent the client as an equal and are paid off the project not by a particular side. They are in charge of the design, tendering and construction process enabling them to have control over a vast array of elements. They are however subjected to preparing for much of the legal work whose liability falls on them should an error occur (Morledge, 2013). For the contractor, the advantage is that they face fairly fewer variations allowing smoother flow of work. For a specified profit, a contractors responsibility is limited only to construction allowing them to move on to other projects or build for parallel projects should the time and resources allow. They are however susceptible to the bulk of the financial strain as the tendering process is expensive and they are also paid in phases only after certain predetermined portions or stages of the work are complete. They are also locked out of the design process unable to offer technical or managerial input which would aid them in the construction process (Manley et al., 2014). This type of project is best suited for complex structures requiring minimum price fluctuations, high quality of work done and least construction time taken. It is recommended for clients with no technical design or construction background hoping to achieve the best performance (Wang et al., 2010). Examples include construction of structures owned by organizations, companies, individuals or industries with no technical design or construction background e.g. banks, schools, etc. or whose technical personnel are not qualified by the oversight bodies to participate in the projects. Design And Build This type of procurement process has only two parties. Aside from the client, the contractor is usually the other side. In this type of contract, the contractor is usually in charge of producing every technical design component of the construction and finishing up by constructing it. This method has its own improvements over the traditional approach as it is a lot more time saving than the methods were. It also cuts down on the red tape required to see construction projects finished and especially when compared to a heavily staged process like the design bid build and traditional approaches (Seng and Yusof, 2006). This process involves the contractor at the very beginning of the construction process unlike where the contractor joins in after a significant portion of the planning and design work has been carried out. As the method name suggests, the contractor produces the designs for the work as agreed with the client then. The client usually has an idea of the desired end result which, upon regular information exchange, is the basis of the contractors design process (Seng and Yusof, 2006). The contractor, in this case, is usually in charge of the design consultants and all other sub-contractors. As for the design part, they may choose to have a joint venture with a design company, subcontract the design services or utilize an in-house design team for this end. The responsibility of coordinating these parties falls squarely on the contractors hands. The process therefore flows from contractor identification by a client, to the design and then construction without having to stop to tender some process components (El Wardani et al., 2006). The main benefit enjoyed by the client in this case is are a shortened construction process with minimal involvement of multiple parties which leads to an economical balance. The fact that it is handled by one contractor also provides security in terms of accountability but it could also be disadvantageous where the contractor breeches the contract (Adafin et al., 2016). The variations in contract elements may also be a huge blow to the client as it may mean greater expense. It suits the contractor as they have a chance to contribute their technical and management expertise allowing for the design process to accommodate their capabilities and limitations. It also allows for direct communication with the client which reduces the delay in resource gathering and information collecting. This method is also adaptable to BIM technologies much to the benefit of both the client and contractor (Du et al., 2016). This method of procurement is suitable to a few limited options which include where the structure being constructed is simple and/or requires minimal innovation and complexity (Wang et al., 2010). It is also suitable for structures whose design is almost uniform across various industrial functions and geographical locations. Such a building or structure has minimal variations too. An example of such a structure is a warehouse where there are very few design variations between various warehouse designs. It is also practical where only one technical team is needed for design, construction and maintenance and where a construction programs activities overlap each other (Seng and Yusof, 2006). Construction Management This is a construction procurement method that incorporates one extra party whose sole responsibility is to manage the processes denoted in the construction project. This is similar to management contracting where a client hires an external management team to head the design, documentation and construction process too (Doloi et al., 2015). The only difference in this case is that the construction manager or management team usually has no contract with the subcontractors but rather they are contracted by the client. As such, their responsibility is simply managing the various parties involved, technical advice and representing the client in both the design environment and the site (Broome, 2002). They also prepare contractual documents for the client. Basically, they are a clients proxy in the construction process but with no legal connection to the subcontractors (Manley and Chen, 2015). The advantages experienced by the client in this case include rapid construction time, comprehensive management expertise at the commencement of the project and coordination of the technical teams. The client also gets a guarantee of accountability with the project. The client is however more open to risk in this case as they directly sign into the contract with the other contracting parties. This means that any variation in the contract would also affect the client directly. They are also susceptible to more expense with a construction manager than without (Chen et al., 2015). For the construction management team, the advantage with this method is the liberty to engage and coordinate various parties according to their expert opinion. They are able to complete more processes at a go with the right compartmentalization skills and it is even possible for construction managers to take on more than one project at a go. The major disadvantages faced by this method include the lack of total authority over the subcontractors making them susceptible to open rebellion (Singh et al., 2007). The subcontractors in this case include the technical design team i.e. architect, engineers, quantity surveyor and contractor. The advantage of this method is that it includes them all at the conception allowing them to work together as a team for maximum accountability and consideration of limitations. It reduces the working friction between various contracting parties as the lead charge is the construction manager and minimizes their risk considerably as the client takes the majority of it (Ross, 2003). This method makes it easier to integrate BIM technologies and other digital modelling to allow for convenient information sharing and simulation. This method however limits their independence and freedom of changing the set contractual guidelines for their individual profit meaning that profits for each subcontracting team may be lower than with other methods (Singh et al., 2007). This method is suitable for extremely large projects or projects including repetitive processes that need to be coordinated. It is recommendable where the client, while wishing to take full responsibility of the project, requires professional assistance owing to a variety of limitations. An example of a project needing such a procurement process would be the construction of an infrastructure project e.g. road or railway spanning a relatively long distance that is subdivided into sections allowing for more subcontractors, either per section or for more than one section (Lu et al., 2010). Conclusion The preferred method is usually a matter of client preference. To obtain optimum economic gains/savings and quality against time spent, a client needs to factor in the advantages and disadvantages highlighted above in order to select a suitable procurement method (Victoria State Government, 2006). References Adafin, J., Rotimi, J.O. and Wilkinson, S., 2016. Risk impact assessments in project budget development: architects perspectives. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 12(3), pp.189-204. Benson, L., 2010. Organizational flexibility Management in Construction. Broome, J., 2002. Procurement routes for partnering: a practical guide. Thomas Telford. Chen, L., Manley, K. and Lewis, J., 2013, May. The impact of construction organisations learning capabilities on collaborative projects. In Proceedings of the 19th International CIB World Building Congress. Queensland University of Technology. Davis, R.P., Love, P. and Baccarini, D., 2008. Building procurement methods. Doloi, H., 2015. Key Factors of Relational Partnerships in Project Management. In Handbook on Project Management and Scheduling Vol. 2 (pp. 1047-1061). Springer International Publishing. Du, L., Tang, W., Liu, C., Wang, S., Wang, T., Shen, W., Huang, M. and Zhou, Y., 2016. Enhancing engineerprocureconstruct project performance by partnering in international markets: Perspective from Chinese construction companies. International Journal of Project Management, 34(1), pp.30-43. El Wardani, M.A., Messner, J.I. and Horman, M.J., 2006. Comparing procurement methods for design-build projects. Journal of construction engineering and management, 132(3), pp.230-238. Lu, S.T., Kuo, Y.C. and Yu, S.H., 2010, July. Risk assessment model for the railway reconstruction project in Taiwan. In Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), 2010 International Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 1017-1022). IEEE. Manley, K. and Chen, L., 2015. Collaborative learning model of infrastructure construction: a capability perspective. Construction Innovation, 15(3), pp.355-377. Manley, K. and Chen, L., 2015, September. Client learning and the performance of collaborative infrastructure projects. In The Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management (EPPM2015) (pp. 508-517). Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University. Manley, K., Rose, T. and Lewis, J., 2014, May. The distribution of absorptive capacity among construction supply chain participants. In Proceedings of the CIB 2014 International Conference on Construction in a Changing World (pp. 1-16). The University of Salford/International Council for Building (CIB). Masterman, J., 2003. An introduction to building procurement systems. Routledge. Morledge, R. and Smith, A., 2013. Building procurement. John Wiley Sons. New South Wales Government, 2005, February. Procurement Methodology Guidelines for Construction. Version 1, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia. Ross, J., 2003, April. Introduction to project alliancing. In Alliance Contracting Conference (Vol. 30). Rowlinson, S. and McDermott, P. eds., 2005. Procurement systems: A guide to best practice in construction. Routledge. Seng, N.W. and Yusof, A.M., 2006, September. The success factors of design and build procurement method: a literature visit. In Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference (APSEC 2006) (pp. 5-6). Singh, A., Shiramizu, S. and Gantam, K., 2007. Bid Risk and Contingency Analysis. Cost engineering, 49(12), pp.20-27. Victorian State Government, 2006. Project Alliance Practitioners Guide. Department of Treasury and Finance, viewed 21 September 2017, https://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/projectalliancing. Wang, J., Guan, S. and Lin, D.Q., 2010, August. Study on approach of cost risk assessment in bidding phase. In Internet Technology and Applications, 2010 International Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Microsystem Bronfenbrenner Analysis Essay Example

Microsystem Bronfenbrenner Analysis Paper Bronfenbrenner’s theory known as the ecological systems theory views at a child’s development the perspective of the system of interactions that form his or her environment (Addison, 1992). He describes intricate ‘levels’ of environment, each one having consequences on a child’s development. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory looks at the child’s environment in terms of its quality and context. Recently there has been a shift as some have renamed the theory â€Å"bioecological systems theory† to stress that a child’s own biology is a principal environment fueling her/his development. Thus, a child’s development is stimulated and steered by the associations between factors in the child’s maturing biology, such as his immediate family/community environment, and the societal landscape (Addison, 1992). Alterations or clash in any one layer will ripple all the way through the other layers. According to Bronfenbrenner, for one to be able to learn a child’s development then, he must look not only at the child and her immediate environment, but also at the interaction of the larger environment as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsystem Bronfenbrenner Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microsystem Bronfenbrenner Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microsystem Bronfenbrenner Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The ecological theory as articulated Bronfenbrenner identifies four types of systems that contain roles, norms and rules that shape development. The systems comprise a microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystems, and macrosystem. The microsystem covers the associations and interactions a child has with her immediate environment. Microsystem includes structures such as family, school, neighborhood, or childcare surroundings in which the child is operating (Berk, 2000). Within this echelon interaction impacts in two directions- both away from the child as well as toward the child. For instance, the parent of the child can affect the child’s beliefs and behavior in as much as the child can affect the behavior and beliefs of the parent/s. it is acknowledged that at the microsystem echelon, bi-directional influences are strongest and have the most impact on the child. The mesosystem is two Microsystems interacting, for instance the link between a child’s home and school, connection between the child’s teacher and his parents, between his church and his neighborhood, etc. Thus, it offers the connection between the structures of the child’s microsystem (Berk, 2000). The exosystem comprises of an environment in which a child is not directly concerned and is external to his/her experience however, it affects him anyway. Structures in this stratum affect the child’s development by interact with some structure in her microsystem (Berk, 2000). An example of exosystem is a parent’s workplace or community-based family resources (Edwards, 1992). Whereas the child may not be openly implicated at this level, but he/she does experience the positive or negative force involved with the interaction with his own system. The macrosystem is considered as the outermost layer in the child’s environment. This stratum does not offer specified framework however, it comprises cultural values, customs, and laws (Berk, 2000). The impacts of larger values described by the macrosystem have a cascading manipulation among the interactions of all other layers. For instance if the society holds a belief that, a parent is solely responsible for bringing up their children, then it is obvious that the society is less probable to offer resources to help parents (Edwards, 1992). This consequently influences the structures in which the parents function, similarly affecting the child’s microsystem. The chronosystem – this system covers the measurement of time as it relates to a child’s surroundings. Elements determining this system can be either external, for instance, the timing of a parent’s death, or internal, such as the physiological variations which appear as a child ages. As children advance in age, they may respond in a different way to changes in environment and may be more capable to establish more how that change will influence them (Henderson, 1995). How I was personally influenced It was only through the influences of the five environmental systems as outlined by Urie Bronfenbrenner’s theory of ecological systems that I was able develop and join graduate school to obtain my masters degree. Immediate members of my family were the first to shape me. At the tender ages, my parents proved to be caring but also useful in my development. They made sure that whomever I had contact with was not a person of wanting behavior. At the family set up, my father not only made sure that the family’s economic background was stable but also ensured that, we were well supplied with the basic needs that made smooth our living environment. My mother on the other hand was full of advice as far as the correct behavioral attributes were concerned. She ensured that we were fed well, on top of affording the much-required filial love for a developing child. Both parents were influential in according us protection. When I entered school, my father this time started to play a very crucial role in showing me how to tackle assignments in as well as encouraging me to have determination in whatever I was doing. This encouragement formed upon which modeled me to enter graduate school in the later years. The school environment was very encouraging, as far as peers seemed to be cooperative. Generally, there was mood of co-existence among ourselves, working in harmony as well helping one another whenever our teachers requested us to do something. Our teachers always reminded us that discipline was the key to success in any academic setting. The teachers made sure that they demonstrated best behavioral standards required of us. Our teachers standard of perfection was exceptional thus to us they served as role models in our development. This type of interaction constituted what Urie Bronfenbrenner referred to as microsystem of development On the subject of mesosystem, my parents used to correspond with my teachers on issues associated with my academic progress as well as my behavior. My teacher could inform my parents on the areas I required to put more pressure as far as academia was concerned, a feature of which I belief facilitated in shaping my development towards this end. My parents in rejoinder furnished my teachers with the significant information touching on the development of my behavior. I can vaguely recollect that at one time, my father was called by my teacher where he was highlighted on the substance of ensuring that I was accorded free time from house chores so that I could do my assignments, as this could help improve my grades. My father was affirmative on the proposal and after this discussion, house chores were transferred to other members of our family. The teachers in general were very challenging and encouraging. For instance, our psychology teacher impressed me through his presentation of ideas as well as ideologies. His attitude of arrangement, for instance he could chronologically evaluate child development issues very brilliantly and plainly throughout the important development stages in a very touching manner. I came to admire him most and I was determined to follow his footsteps. My father’s place of work was also influential in shaping my development, as my father worked five hours, four days a week. This kind of structure ensured that my father had ample time with his family. In time of need, my father’s employer showed concern and permitted him to attend whatever was required of him at home. Our country’s school policy was also imperative in shaping me towards this end. Through the state, I was able to acquired a scholarship. Save for the same, I could have been affected badly financially. References Edwards, P. , Young, L. (1992). Beyond parents: Family, community, and school involvement. Phi Delta Kappan, 74, 72-80. Addison, J. T. (1992). Urie Bronfenbrenner. Human Ecology, 20(2), 16-20. Berk, L. E. (2000). Child Development (5th ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 23-38 Henderson, Z. P. (1995). Renewing our social fabric. Human Ecology, 23(1), 16-19.

How Can a Student Write an Essay?

How Can a Student Write an Essay?A lot of college students these days are finding ways to earn an English synthesis essay sample from online writing resources. The reason is that English teachers have introduced a lot of student essays written by different teachers or college professors and all of them show an evolution of the English language.That is why students are becoming more aware about the English language and its grammar. That is also why more students and teachers now consider writing their own English synthesis essay sample for evaluation. Why write an essay if there is a way to get paid for it?But what other ways are there for students to find school essay samples? They can read books that are available on this topic, they can visit online sites that contain sample essay or they can even go to someone who already wrote one. But how can a student write a good essay or an English synthesis essay sample that will really reflect his/her personality?First of all, a student mus t learn how to practice good English writing skills. Not every student can write like or think like an English teacher. Teachers must be able to communicate with students by writing. For that reason, writing English essays is not just teaching students grammar but also communication.Therefore, a student must be patient while writing English essays. He/she should be able to be creative and also be able to be concise. Furthermore, he/she must be able to reflect the English language correctly in his/her writing.Then again, every student must have a personal agenda. Not every student will be able to write essays about science or history, for example. A student who is writing about sports will not be able to write a good English synthesis essay sample.Lastly, a student must understand what a good English essay is. For that reason, he/she must have a good idea about what a good English essay should be about. Moreover, he/she must be able to do research to understand the basic structure of an English essay.When it comes to English essays, many students do not know how to write good English essays. And when it comes to English essays, no student can do much of research before writing his/her essay.

Free Essays on If The Deaf Could Hear…

If the Deaf could hear†¦ If the ability to hear were granted to the deaf, would it make a difference? With new medical discoveries every day, it is entirely possible that we could have a cure for deafness within the next century; what would the impact on the deaf portion of society be if a cure were discovered? There are four major categories of deafness; people born completely deaf, people born hearing impaired, people that become deaf, and people that become hearing impaired. Whether they are born with their hearing problem or not is an important distinction because those born with limited hearing or without hearing are speech impaired as well. I differentiate between complete deafness and hearing impairment because hearing aids sometimes make the â€Å"deaf† hear nearly as well as the hearing. The people of these categories would be affected differently. Generally, those born completely deaf would be affected the more by a cure than those who become hearing impaired during the course of their lives. Perhaps, as a whole, a cure for deafness would not make much difference. After all, most deaf people are not actually completely without hearing. In addition, deaf people are fully capable of holding most jobs, playing sports, and almost everything that those who can hear can do. This is especially true of those who were born with full hearing, but lost it during their lives. I have a friend who was born partially deaf. Other than his difficulty with speech, he appears to be the same as everyone else. He can even dance to a beat. He is in so many ways the same as anyone else that if he were to become able to hear, I doubt life would change much for him. On the other hand, there are many deaf or partially deaf people whose lives would be dramatically changed by a deafness cure. There is a popular belief that a deaf subculture has developed that is distinctly different from society in more than just their ability to h... Free Essays on If The Deaf Could Hear†¦ Free Essays on If The Deaf Could Hear†¦ If the Deaf could hear†¦ If the ability to hear were granted to the deaf, would it make a difference? With new medical discoveries every day, it is entirely possible that we could have a cure for deafness within the next century; what would the impact on the deaf portion of society be if a cure were discovered? There are four major categories of deafness; people born completely deaf, people born hearing impaired, people that become deaf, and people that become hearing impaired. Whether they are born with their hearing problem or not is an important distinction because those born with limited hearing or without hearing are speech impaired as well. I differentiate between complete deafness and hearing impairment because hearing aids sometimes make the â€Å"deaf† hear nearly as well as the hearing. The people of these categories would be affected differently. Generally, those born completely deaf would be affected the more by a cure than those who become hearing impaired during the course of their lives. Perhaps, as a whole, a cure for deafness would not make much difference. After all, most deaf people are not actually completely without hearing. In addition, deaf people are fully capable of holding most jobs, playing sports, and almost everything that those who can hear can do. This is especially true of those who were born with full hearing, but lost it during their lives. I have a friend who was born partially deaf. Other than his difficulty with speech, he appears to be the same as everyone else. He can even dance to a beat. He is in so many ways the same as anyone else that if he were to become able to hear, I doubt life would change much for him. On the other hand, there are many deaf or partially deaf people whose lives would be dramatically changed by a deafness cure. There is a popular belief that a deaf subculture has developed that is distinctly different from society in more than just their ability to h...

ALGORITHM - MEANING

ALGORITHM MEANING In the most basic sense, an algorithm is a process- a set of detailed instruction that must be carried out in a particular order and follows logic to attain a given result. An algorithm is a well-defined procedure or set of rules guaranteed to achieve a certain objective. You use an algorithm every time you follow the directions to put together a new toy, use a recipe to make cookies, or defrost something in the microwave (personal algorithms). When the term algorithm used in math, it typically refers to a set of steps or procedures used to solve a mathematical computation. In mathematics, an algorithm is a specific series of steps that will give you the correct answer every time. For example, in grade school, you and your classmates probably learned and memorized a certain finite steps or procedures for addition, subtraction and multiplying etc. (standard algorithms). Algorithm are of two type: informal (personal) and formal (standard) algorithm. An informal algorithm is a procedure that the student him/herself figured out while a formal algorithm is a process and procedure that has been taught to them. It may or may not be similar to a conventional algorithms (formal algorithms). Examples on Informal Algorithms Examples on Formal Algorithms 1. ADD the given numbers 109 + 207 Jimmy did like this. David did like this. =100+9+200+7 109-9=100 =300+16 207-7=200 =316 200+100=300 9+7=16 300+16=316 2. Multiply the given number 25Ãâ€"13 25(20+5) x13(10+3) ————– 15 60 50 + 200 ————— 325 1. ADD the given numbers 109+207 1 109 + 207 ——– 316 ——– 2. Multiply the given number 25Ãâ€"13 1 25 x13 ———— 75 +25x ———— 325 MERITS OF INFORMAL ALGORITHMS They learn to think and use their common sense, as well as new skills and knowledge. Students who invent their own procedures: Learn that their intuitive methods are valid and that mathematics makes sense. Become more proficient with mental arithmetic. Are motivated because they understand their own methods, as opposed to learning by rote. Become skilled at representing ideas with objects, words, pictures, and symbols. Develop persistence and confidence in dealing with challenging problems. ADVANTAGES OF THE FORMAL ALGORITHMS Plunkett (1979), Thompson (1997), Usiskin (1998) and other writers offered several reasons for this. These included :  ¢ Standard algorithms are powerful in solving classes of problems, particularly where the computation involves many numbers, where memory may be overloaded.  ¢ Standard algorithms contracted, summarizing several lines of equation involving distributivity and associativity.  ¢ Standard algorithms are automatic, being able to be taught to, and carried out by, someone without having to analyze the underlying basis of the algorithm.  ¢ Standard algorithms are fast, with a direct route to the answer.  ¢ Standard algorithms provide the written record of computation, enabling teachers and students to locate any errors in the algorithm.  ¢ Standard algorithms can be instructive.  ¢ For teachers these are easy to manage and assess. DISADVANTAGES OF THE FORMAL ALGORITHMS Kamii and Dominick (1998), McIntosh (1998), and Northcote McIntosh (1999) have potential dangers that can be summarized as follows :  ¢ They do not correspond to the ways in which people tend to think about numbers.  ¢ They encourage children to give up their own thinking and creativity, leading to loss of ownership of ideas .  ¢ The traditionally-taught (standard) algorithm may no longer be the most efficient and easily learned.  ¢ They tend to lead to blind acceptance of results and over-zealous applications. Given the focus on procedures that require little thinking, children often use an standard algorithms when it is not at all necessary.  ¢ There is a high probability that the students will lose conceptual knowledge in the process of gaining procedural knowledge. There is also the use of relevance. Students use standard algorithms for only a small proportion of their calculation.

Marketing Audits Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Audits - Coursework Example Changing perspectives in marketing planning for Parcelforce The age of globalisation and competition has spurred up the need to ensure more planning and effective strategies in order to counter the threats of competition prevailing in the markets. Business environment in the present date is characterised by cut throat competition among the market players that are engaged in attaching strategies like predatory pricing and ambush marketing to attack competitors. The industry due to high competition is characterised by low margins that has severely changed the business dynamics and has also ensured change in marketing planning tactics so as to ensure sustainability in the market (Global Express Parcels, 2011, p.1). Parcelforce Appraisal for capability for planning its future marketing activity Parcelforce is one of the largest courier and parcel delivery companies operating out of UK and has operations in numerous nations with a cutting edge technology and an effective service delivery mechanism. The company should use its technological advancements and the good brand image of the company owning to its long association with the industry to derive competitive advantage. The company should try to use its massive global presence and couple it with innovation in service delivery mechanism so as to generate competitive advantage.... The company should use its technological advancements and the good brand image of the company owning to its long association with the industry to derive competitive advantage. The company should try to use its massive global presence and couple it with innovation in service delivery mechanism so as to generate competitive advantage. All its marketing efforts must not only be solely directed towards attracting new customers but focus should be made on CRM approaches that can help in not only attracting new customers but also in retention of the existing customers. The efficient technological base of the company along with a team of qualified and talented employees can help generate greater value for the customers. Spending must also be induced in the research and development aspect so as to generate innovation as it is the only way in which the company can distinguish itself from its competitors in the market and generate competitive advantage. SWOT Analysis SWOT stands for Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats and is used to analyse the internal environment of an organization. The SWOT analysis for Parcelforce is stated below: Strengths The main area of strength for the company includes its long association with the industry as well as a formidable presence across UK. The company also has an effective brand image and has been associated with the royal mail service. Strengths also emerge in the areas of efficient use of technology and effective logistics management and also a good reputation for quality service delivery among the customers (Parcelforce, 2012). Weakness Certain areas of weakness for the company include a limited offering to the customers that is matched

The Warning Video about Financial Crisis Movie Review

The Warning Video about Financial Crisis - Movie Review Example The move to have the unregulated derivative fund regulated was countered by the introduction of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which then took away the power of Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the federal agency that oversees the trading of derivatives, thus making it impossible for the over-the-counter derivatives market to be regulated (Kirk, n.p.). Although the CFTC is meant to play the role of government oversight in the financial market operations, the attempts by the agency to have the derivative market regulated were thwarted by the closest administrators of President Clinton, who argued that an attempt to regulative the lucrative multi-million dollar market would certainly cause a financial crisis, while in reality it is the deniability of the administrators to act on the fundamental aspects that would have helped prevent the crisis, that ended-up blocking the necessary financial reforms that would have streamlined the financial markets, as proposed by the CFTC (Kirk, n.p.). The major problem with the over-the-counter derivatives market is that; it was operating as a black market, and thus lacked transparency. This way, the operations of the markets were able to continue undercover, until when the market collapsed, triggering a depression of the financial market and the consequent recession of the USA economy (Kirk, n.p.). While the Commodity Futures Trading Commission was empowered to regulate the trading of derivatives in the market, the powerful administrators in the Clinton administration stripped the agency those powers, through imploring on the Congress to pass the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which took away the powers of the agency to control the derivative market, thus leaving the market to care for itself (Kirk, n.p.).  Ã‚